Fun With 2021 U.S. Auto Sales: Who Beat Who?
The mighty rose and fell in the auto industry in 2021. A critical shortage of microchips helped determine winners and losers in U.S. sales for the year more than any other factor. Aberration or not, the surprises are worth noting when companies deemed too-big-to-fail fall off their long-held perches and underdogs ascend to new heights.
Business publications have splashed plenty of ink in the annual presentation of final U.S. auto sales as another year came to a close. We won't go all corporate and financial here at MotorTrend but there were some unexpected plot twists that deserve to be pointed out—regardless of any asterisks due to chip shortages.
Toyota Topples GM For the First Time
The biggie: after decades of U.S. sale supremacy, Toyota beat General Motors in 2021. GM sold 2.2 million vehicles, but Toyota had about 114,000 more for a total of 2.3 million.
Toyota executives were quick to say the lead is not sustainable. GM will be back on top as chip supplies normalize. The semiconductor shortage hurt all automakers, but some were hit harder than others. GM and Ford were among the more heavily pummeled. Toyota was the poster child for how to—almost—survive the chip crisis.
Toyota is no stranger to pinchpoints from key parts shortages. After the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake, Toyota put an early warning system in place to monitor its supply chain. The result is that the inventor of the concept of lean manufacturing and just-in-time delivery became a hoarder. Once warned, the Japanese automaker stockpiled chips and was able to keep building and selling vehicles full steam while the competition was playing whack-a-mole in determining which vehicles took priority in receiving chip rations and which plants faced temporary downtime on any given week.
As the shortage stretched out and was exacerbated by a fire at the Renesas Electronics chipmaking plant in Japan, and then COVID-19 outbreaks that forced closure of facilities in southeast Asia that test and package chips, Toyota was finally forced to idle some plants. But in the end, Toyota saw 10 percent sales growth in the U.S. in 2021 while GM saw a 13 percent drop because it lost hundreds of thousands of units of production.
Hyundai-Kia Leapfrogs Over Honda
Hyundai-Kia outsold Honda for the first time, moving up to the fifth spot with almost 1.5 million vehicles sold. That was about 22,500 more than Honda. The two brands under the Hyundai Motor Company umbrella continue to be a juggernaut. This one will be interesting to watch in 2022 because the Korean brands show no signs of slowing down and have impressive vehicles hitting the market.
The Hyundai group still has work to do to catch Stellantis at just shy of 1.8 million, or Ford at almost 1.9 million.
Ford EVs Coming for Tesla
Ford, which was considered a bit of an EV laggard until fairly recently, ended 2021 in second place when it comes to U.S. sales of electric vehicles. Credit goes to the new Mustang Mach-E; Ford sold more than 27,000 of the electric crossovers.
King of the EV castle continued to be Tesla which had a banner year. How banner we don't know exactly as it the automaker does not break out U.S. sales.
General Motors was out of the running in 2021, not because of the chip shortage, but because the Chevrolet Bolt was all but sidelined for much of the year by a recall due to risks of fire from bad cells in its batteries and a recommendation to park outside.
Ford Mustang vs. Dodge Challenger vs. Chevy Camaro
The muscle car sales wars are legendary, and we never tire of the jostling, even though their makers don't always give them the love they once received.
We have a cool toppling this year. The Dodge Challenger actually stole the title in 2021. The coupe is no spring chicken, and this wasn't a chip shortage win. Credit energetic execs behind the Dodge brand who never say die. Efforts to keep the Challenger fresh led to a 3 percent increase in sales, bringing the total to 54,314 muscle cars sold and the highest full-year share ever at 21 percent of the albeit-small segment. (Dodge Charger also grew market share to a career-best 30 percent, more testament to pixie dust being sprinkled liberally over at Dodge).
That pushed the Ford Mustang to second place. A 14 percent drop resulted in a final sales tally of 52,414. For the bronze: the Chevy Camaro saw sales plummet almost 27 percent, netting 21,893 sales. The once-mighty Camaro must be missing its long-time engineer: Al "Mr. Camaro" Oppenheiser, who was reassigned to the GMC Hummer EVs and is busy crabwalking and hurtling 9,000 pounds of SUV from 0-60 in 3.0 seconds. It probably doesn't help that today's Camaro doesn't look all that different from the last one, or the one before that...
Big Truck Wars
No surprises here: Ford took the title for best-selling truck in the U.S. for the 45th straight year, selling more than 726,000 F-Series. Ram came second at just under 570,000. The Chevrolet Silverado could get a needed boost from the electric version coming—the Chevy came third in 2021 with almost 520,000 U.S. sales.
Who said following auto sales isn't fun?
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toyota tundra Full OverviewToyota has been making hybrids for well over 20 years, but the all-new 2022 Toyota Tundra's i-Force Max hybrid powertrain is something new, at least for Toyota. While Toyota's other hybrids (most notably the Prius) use a parallel system (where a gasoline engine and two electric motor-generators connect to a planetary gearset transmission), the i-Force Max—which will also serve as the sole powertrain for the upcoming 2023 Sequoia—is a series system, sandwiching a 48-hp electric motor between a 3.4-liter twin-turbo V-6 and a traditional 10-speed automatic transmission.Toyota: Pickups Need Their Own Hybrid SystemWhy the change? According to Toyota, one limitation of the parallel approach is that it cannot deliver continuous maximum torque to the ground because the engine must always route some of its power to a motor-generator that is not directly connected to the wheels. The series system allows both gasoline engine and electric motor to dump 100 percent of their available torque into the driveline simultaneously, and torque is what pickup trucks need. A clutch between the gasoline engine and the electric motor allows the Tundra hybrid to move on battery power alone, but it does so only at slow speeds and light throttle application.Total system output for the i-Force Max is 437 horsepower and 583 lb-ft of torque, an increase of 48 horses and 104 lb-ft over the non-hybrid Tundra. EPA fuel economy estimates aren't finalized, but Toyota's tests show an increase of 2 mpg in both city and combined cycles, with highway mpg unchanged. Raw numbers: 20/24/22 mpg city/highway/combined for the 4x2 hybrid, 19/22/21 for the 4x4 hybrid, and 19/21/20 for the 4x4 TRD Pro model. Unfortunately for Toyota, those numbers trail the hybrid version of the Ford F-150; the F-150 PowerBoost boasts 25- and 23-mpg combined estimates for 4x2 and 4x4 models, respectively.Speaking of the Ford F-150 PowerBoost, Tundra shoppers hoping for a mobile power station like Ford's ProPower system are out of luck. Hybrid Tundras have the same 120-volt, 400-watt outlets as non-hybrid versions, but nothing like Ford's optional 240-volt, 7,200-watt system. Toyota said it didn't think it was something customers were clamoring for. There is no way it missed the news stories about Texans using F-150s to heat their homes during last winter's freeze-induced power outage, a situation with a possible repeat one year later as a winter storm descends on the state this week. Toyota is based in Texas, and some of its employees surely experienced last year's winterpocalypse first hand. Let's hope the power grid holds up this time.Tundra i-Force Max Hybrid: Impressive RefinementWe sampled various Tundra hybrid models, and what impressed us most was the i-Force Max's refinement. Keep in mind what a massive change this is for Toyota: The engineers effectively turned their backs on two decades of parallel hybrid development and did something completely new, yet the i-Force Max system is every bit as smooth and seamless as any other Toyota hybrid.Under very light throttle, we occasionally noticed a slight bump as the clutch between the engine and motor closed. Decoupling is seamless; like most hybrids, the Tundra shuts its gas engine off early as you coast to a stop, and the only indication we had that the engine had dropped out was the hybrid chiming—a sound many electrified vehicles play to alert the sight-impaired of their silent approach. Speaking of sound, the hybrid Tundra uses the same piped-in engine soundtrack as the gas truck, boosting our impression that this is one of the most non-hybrid-like hybrids we've driven. Someone who wasn't clued in might well think they were driving a Tundra with a conventional V-8.Toyota's engineers told us their goal for the hybrid system was to create a diesel-like torque curve with strong low-end power. The electric- and turbo-boost gauges—Toyota didn't fit the Tundra with a traditional power flow gauge, which is too bad—shows that the i-Force Max's electric motor primarily works at low speeds and low rpm, filling in the gap between the driver hitting the accelerator and the turbos building boost. The motor also helps out under sudden full-throttle demands—goosing the accelerator to pass, for example—providing a jolt of juice until the turbos spin up. The motor's job is effectively to eliminate turbo lag, which isn't much of an issue in the Tundra to begin with, and once the turbochargers are doing their thing, the electric motor stays mostly dormant. Because the motor is positioned ahead of the transmission, i-Force Max fills in torque dips while the transmission shifts, but Toyota's 10-speed snaps to attention nicely, and it's certainly smoother than the Ford hybrid's 10-speed.Hybrid Delivers What We Expected When Towing, But Not Off-RoadingWe towed a 4,500-pound Airstream travel trailer with a hybrid Tundra, and the electric boost allowed us to move off smartly—a notable change from the non-hybrid Tundra, which needs a lot of revs to get a trailer into motion. Hybrid-equipped Tundras tow slightly more than their non-hybrid counterparts, with tow capacity ranging from 10,340 pounds for the 4x4 Capstone to 11,450 for the Limited 4x2 model with a crew cab and short bed. However, the towing champ in the Tundra lineup is still the lightweight non-hybrid SR5 model, which can pull up to 12,000 pounds.We took a Tundra TRD Pro (it's exclusively a hybrid) on a fairly challenging off-road course and were surprised at how little the hybrid powertrain came into play. Our cross-country trip in the Rivian R1T and our time with the Jeep Wrangler 4xe has made us fans of electric off-roading, but when we shifted the transfer case of the Tundra TRD Pro to 4-Low range, the gas engine started and stayed running for the length of the trail, and we were unable to detect the hybrid system offering assistance as we crawled through the dirt and mud. We asked Toyota's engineers why there's no silent electric off-roading option, and they cited the clutch between the engine and motor. Connecting and disconnecting the engine and motor would cause a jerk, the antitheses of the smooth throttle modulation that off-roading requires. They assured us the motor can help out if you open the accelerator climbing a grade or crossing a bog.The Tundra i-Force Hybrid LineupToyota is offering the i-Force Max hybrid powertrain as standard for the TRD Pro and new top-of-the-line Capstone models. It's optional in the Limited, Platinum, and 1794 Edition trims, but not the basic SR and SR5. All Tundra hybrids have crew cabs—the battery lives under the rear seat—but buyers can choose from 5.5-foot-bed, short-wheelbase or 6.5-foot-bed, long-wheelbase variations. The price premium for the i-Force Max hybrid is $3,400 in all models, so the range spans from $53,995 for the short-box 4x2 Limited to $66,115 for the long-box 4x4 1794 Edition. The hybrid-only TRD Pro lists for $68,500, while the Capstone goes for $75,225; both are available exclusively as four-wheel-drive, short-wheelbase, short-bed models.Speaking of the Tundra Capstone, we got our first drive in this high-zoot competitor to the Ford F-150 Limited, Chevrolet Silverado High Country, GMC Sierra Denali, and Ram 1500 Limited. What sets the Capstone apart from other Tundras? Outside, it gets extra chrome for the grille (at first glance, it isn't all that easy to distinguish from the Platinum and 1794 models) and big, shiny 22-inch wheels, along with Capstone lettering on the door. Inside you'll find two-tone black-and-white leather of the same type used in the Lexus LS, open-pore wood, ambient lighting, and a high level of standard equipment—every available feature in the Tundra comes standard except for towing mirrors, adaptive air suspension, air springs, and a head-up display, which are optional.Although we like the idea of a high-end Tundra, we have to wonder whether any of the Capstone designers has ever owned a pickup truck. The two-tone interior looks beautiful, and the soft leather on the steering wheel feels great under our palms. But white leather on the armrests, steering wheel, and dashboard? On a pickup? Someone didn't think that one through, unless Toyota plans to add a built-in sink to wash your hands after hooking up a trailer or loading the bed with fill dirt. And those 22-inch wheels might look nice, but they take the Tundra's lumpy ride, which already deteriorates quickly on bad pavement, and make it even worse. (And yes, we tried the adjustable suspension's Comfort and Sport modes; we think they should be labeled "uncomfortable" and "just a smidgeon more uncomfortable. ") A $75,000 truck with a dirt-magnet interior and a dreadful ride? We'll take a pass.But the rest of the hybrid lineup? Yes, we like it. Much as Toyota might want us to believe otherwise, an electrified pickup like the Tundra i-Force Max is a world away from a true electric pickup like our Truck of the Year-winning Rivian R1T, the Chevrolet Silverado EV, the Ford F-150 Lightning, or the GMC Hummer EV. But a well-built, refined truck that uses less fuel and does a better job at towing and hauling—and one that imposes no penalty from its drivers save a slightly higher price? That seems like a sensible proposition to us.Looks good! More details?2022 Toyota Tundra i-Force Max Hybrid Specifications BASE PRICE $53,995-$75,225 LAYOUT Front-engine, RWD/4WD, 5-pass, 4-door truck ENGINE 3.4L/389-hp/479-lb-ft twin-turbo port- and direct-injected DOHC 24-valve V-6, plus 48-hp/184-lb-ft electric motor; 437 hp/583 lb-ft comb TRANSMISSION 10-speed auto CURB WEIGHT 5,700-6,200 lb (mfr) WHEELBASE 145.7-157.7 in L x W x H 233.6-245.6 x 80.2-81.6 x 77.5-78.0 in 0-60 MPH 5.8-6.3 sec (MT est) EPA FUEL ECON 19-20/21-24/20-22 mpg (est) EPA RANGE, COMB 644-708 miles ON SALE Spring 2022 Show All
The 40th Tokyo Auto Salon started off with modest fanfare on Friday, as the typical media day routine of press conferences, product debuts, prototype reveals, and the ever-popular TAS staple of pinup girls and race queens transpired.While day two typically devolves into a more frenzied state due to the doors being opened to the public, the COVID situation caused people to mill about in a very civilized manner, as we all social distanced as best as possible. Mask mandates as well as the downloading of a Bluetooth-dependent app that collected data from all nearby smartphone devices to record exposure risks were required for all visitors.As for the contents of the show itself, both the Gazoo Racing GT3 Prototype and the mildly modded orange Fairlady Z at the Nissan booth seemed to maintain the strongest grip on visitor interest, with lengthy lines to get in and see both vehicles remaining in effect nearly up to closing time each day.Surprise encounters included bumping into our old friend Mr. GT-R Hiroshi Tamura, meeting Yamamoto-san of Racing Factory Yamamoto to discuss his bonkers Figaro/S2000 rocket ship (which took home 3rd place for best tuning car), and catching up with the ever enthusiastic Sakamoto-san of Garage Active for some long overdue GT-R talk.All InclusiveBut perhaps the most pleasant surprise was seeing all of the smaller shops and independent builders in attendance. For beneath all of the glitz, glamour, girls, and gregariousness of this event lies a far more meaningful message. Tiny operations, each with a few employees, striving to do things differently and thinking outside of the box are how this whole show started 40 years ago. Today, many of them remain the unsung heroes of all things JDM, who, in our eyes deserve just as much recognition as the big names in the industry.And while companies like Varis secured first place for its race-ready "Kamikaze Yaris," and the tastefully modded Nissan Fairlady Z stole the show for best concept car, it was an off-road van build that surprised people the most when it came to award time.A 4x4 specialty shop by the name of Outclass Cars took home top honors for best family car of the show with a Toyota Alphard van unlike any other. Converted with imported Lexus LM minivan parts sourced from Taiwan and outfitted with a slew of one-off Outclass 4x4 focused components, then topped with a GIWORKS JAPAN rooftop tent and cargo carrier, this build was a real stand-out at the show this year for the public, the press, and apparently the judges as well.It was this very van that made our coverage of Tokyo Auto Salon 2022 possible, as the Tokushima-based crew graciously allowed me to hitch a ride to and from the event in their capable 4x4 caravan. The return trip even allowed room for two more hitchhikers: A gleaming trophy, and a plaque proudly decreeing that a 4x4 grocery-getter could indeed be considered one of the best builds in all of Japan. Talk about icing on that JDM cake!With that said, here are some of the other highlights from the three-day affair trying to get back to full speed after the cancellation of last year's event. Here's hoping to 2023 continues the momentum.This Fairlady Z concept, which combines some old school Z-car with the new Z's already retro-heavy aesthetic, certainly made its mark on the show. The reworked front fascia, mild flares, and orange/black treatment offer a nice clash of old and new without moving too far away from the modern Z.Your eyes aren't deceiving you, this is in fact a six-rotor swap! Tucked neatly into the engine bay of a Eunos Cosmo, this build began in October and though it's not 100% complete just yet, it's getting close. Many of the parts are sourced from Australia, and the plan is to finish it up by spring and put it to the test in both drag and time attack race events.The off-road market in Japan, much like the U.S., is at an all-time high. Interest in rugged options from the aftermarket have increased dramatically and personalized compact offerings, like this GReddy-equipped Suzuki Jimny, are all the rage.The FD chassis RX-7 has long served as a staple at the Tokyo Auto Salon and that won't be changing anytime soon. The fan favorite's classic body lines, capable chassis, and roomy engine compartment make it a tuning platform with almost limitless options. This version was widened and fitted with an array of vents as well as Vision Type DC mirrors that are typically attached to Honda builds.There's really nothing subtle about the new GR Yaris, so it only makes sense that Varis Japan would go wild with its aero add-on, aptly naming the creation "Kamikaze." The hood, portions of the bumper, lip, side skirts, rear diffuser, and wing use a very large carbon fiber weave pattern like that of the brand's side project, Solid and Joker, which we saw back in 2017.Bulked up fenders feature vents on the front pair, similar to Varis' FK8 Type R kit.With so much talk about the new Toyota GR86, many forgot about the previous generation 86—but not this builder. Tubbed front fenders surround a highly-polished single-turbo 2JZ swap outfitted with custom hard lines and a tucked engine harness.Subaru's STI E-RA Challenge Project, which relies on four electric motors to generate just over 1,000 hp, was a show within the show.Exotics were also on hand in pretty large numbers. Liberty Walk brought quite a few cars to TAS, including this Ferrari sporting its signature wide body aero and vented carbon fiber hood.Other LBWK demo cars included this trio of yellow—a Lamborghini, Corvette, and Mclaren.On the wild side, this sixth-generation Toyota Celica received a (partial) MkV Supra front end conversion.
Honda is having itself a busy year. Fresh off the launch of the new Civic sedan and hatchback, it is about to introduce a new HR-V small SUV, a new CR-V crossover, and this—a new-generation Accord midsize sedan. Just as the CR-V is a juggernaut among compact SUVs, duking it out with the likes of Toyota's RAV4 for sales, the Honda Accord is a mainstay in the shrinking yet still popular midsize sedan space. Even the relatively old 2022 model, which was introduced back in 2017 and is about to be replaced by this new 2023 Honda Accord, remains at the top of its class in our Ultimate Car Rankings. It is an achingly competent and satisfying car to own, delivering confident handling, a refined ride, punchy powertrains, and sleek looks inside and out.What's New, New Accord?So, what does changes are in store for the 2023 Accord? If we use the smaller Civic as a template, we can expect Honda to subtly hone everything that's made the outgoing Accord so great. Literally, just as the newest Civic is based on the previous model, the new Accord will be spun off the current one. That doesn't preclude Honda from heavily restyling the Accord, however—again, look no further than the 2022 Civic, which looks nothing like its predecessor despite using the same platform. But we also think given that Honda refashioned the Civic in the Accord's image, that it likes that image and won't change it too much for 2023. To give you an idea of what the next Accord might look like, we've provided the illustrations here.Unlike the Civic, which matured from a wild vented, slatted, and creased visage to a cleaner, simpler design that looks vastly more upscale, the Accord already wears a clean, simple design that looks subtly upscale. That means the new model will probably adopt a few details from the Civic, namely its more horizontal shoulder line, squared-off front end, and thinner headlights. The outgoing Accord's various curves, arcs, and C-shaped taillights—all holdovers from previous-gen Honda design—will be straightened out, removed entirely, or, in the case of the taillights, slimmed down and simplified.Though we haven't rendered the 2023 Accord's interior, again, look for more Civic inspiration to trickle up. The Civic's classy full-width dashboard air vent motif, with a mesh treatment blending the actual air vents into a glamorous strip stretching from door-to-door, is almost guaranteed. Ditto the Civic's more squared-off switchgear, door handles, steering wheel hub, and more. Again, where the old Accord's door panels and dashboard styling features arcs and swoops, the new one will be predominantly rectilinear.A touchscreen will again float above the dashboard, but look for the current Accord's standard split-gauge cluster (half digital, half analog) to give way to a fully digital cluster across the lineup. The roominess of today's model will carry over to the new one, with perhaps a touch more trunk space carved out of the squarer tail.Same Platform, Same Engines?Today's Accord is relatively lightweight and has a well-sorted suspension that delivers sharp handling, satisfying control feel, and a good ride. Look for minor tweaks here, though the Accord's curb weight likely will increase slightly (as did the Civic's), as we anticipate Honda will add sound deadening and more features in a bid to quiet the sedan's wind and road noise while upping the luxe factor.Look for the Accord's trio of powertrains to live on for 2023, albeit with small reworkings for improved fuel economy and power delivery. That means entry-level Accords will retain their turbocharged 1.5-liter I-4 engines and continuously variable automatic transmissions (CVTs), while up-level versions will offer a more powerful turbo 2.0-liter I-4 and a 10-speed traditional automatic. Finally, the Accord Hybrid and its 2.0-liter I-4 and electric motor combo will return, likely with changes geared toward improving its fuel economy further. Front-wheel drive probably will remain the Accord's lone option; many competitors, the Toyota Camry included, have begun offering optional all-wheel drive in recent years.Will It Be Enough?One question to keep front of mind as the 2023 Honda Accord comes into full view later this year is whether it stays relatively low-key or goes somewhat wild. Many automakers have cut bait and left the midsize segment entirely (as Ford has with its Fusion, and Chevy seems apt to do with its Malibu), and those sedans that remain have grown sexier (i.e. Hyundai Sonata), more athletic (i.e. Mazda6 Turbo), and generally more upscale in a bid to stand out to buyers. Gone are the days of "boring" midsize sedans playing the role of family sedans without appeal; automakers now see sedan shoppers looking for a more extroverted experience. Hey, if you're going to give up the practicality of a boxy crossover or a pickup, why not lean into windswept styling that cuts into rear-seat headroom and trunk space and sportier dynamics you can't get in a similarly priced SUV?The old Accord was just handsome enough, but Honda's penchant for restraint might miss the moment these relatively affordable, roomy four-doors are having. All we know is, if the Accord drives anything like the new Civic, while delivering the same if not better quality, it'll be tough to complain about attractively understated styling.
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